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Paul Hatschek (March 11, 1888 – May 15, 1944) was a Czech engineer of optical and film technology and a member of the German Resistance against Nazism during the Third Reich. He was involved with Robert Uhrig and then became a leading member of the resistance group, the European Union. According to Robert Havemann, Hatschek was under Gestapo surveillance for years. He was arrested in 1943 and subjected to intensive interrogation, resulting in him giving the Nazis numerous names of fellow resistance members. His daughter and his wife were among those arrested. All three were brought before the ''Volksgerichtshof'' and sentenced to death. He was executed at Brandenburg-Görden Prison in May 1944; his wife and daughter were executed at Plötzensee Prison, his daughter in May 1944, his wife in December 1944. == Work and biographical details == Hatschek was granted a Canadian patent for a "projection apparatus" on July 27, 1926.〔(Patent CA 262894 patent ) Retrieved August 15, 2011〕 On January 3, 1928 he received an American patent for an "optical projection apparatus"〔(United States Patent 1655185 )〕 for which he filed on October 2, 1923.〔(Drawings filed with patent application ) (PDF) Retrieved August 15, 2011〕 In 1931, he began publishing articles on sound film technology in German technical journals. Hatschek was first listed in the Berlin directory in 1934. In 1935, he lived in a small apartment in Berlin-Wilmersdorf.〔(Berlin directory books ) Retrieved August 15, 2011 〕 Though he followed the 1936 Summer Olympics, apparently without criticism of the Third Reich, by 1939, he had decided to join the resistance group, the European Union. The group was formed by Robert Havemann, a scientist〔(Short biography of Robert Havemann ) German Resistance Memorial Center. Retrieved August 17, 2011〕 and Georg Groscurth, a medical doctor.〔(Short biography of Georg Groscurth ) German Resistance Memorial Center. Retrieved August 17, 2011〕 He was recruited by the GRU and tried to pass information along to the Soviet Union. The German historian Bernd Florath writes, "The Czech citizen Hatschek was an engineer in optics and film technology. His research and inventions were primarily concerned with sound film technology. Among others, he worked with Manfred von Ardenne and Hugh John Gramatzki, who corresponded with Albert Einstein. () published a series of books, that were reprinted and translated, even after his death. In Prague in 1937, he offered the Soviet Union some inventions and was afterward recruited as a contact for the GRU. Hatschek worked in Berlin for the Tobis Filmgesellschaft as a patent engineer. He was in contact with the Robert Uhrig Group and as a result, in spring 1942, was briefly arrested, though quickly released."〔Bernd Florath, "Die Europäische Union" in: Johannes Tuchel (Ed.), ''Der vergessene Widerstand: zu Realgeschichte und Wahrnehmung des Kampfes gegen die NS-Diktatur'', Göttingen (2005) 〕 The Gestapo considered the European Union to be especially dangerous because the organization was multi-national and the members were intellectuals.〔("Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus" ) Gegen Diktatur. (January 19, 2007). Retrieved August 17, 2011 〕 According to Robert Havemann, one of the founders of the German Resistance group, the European Union, Hatschek was a leading member of the group. Havemann said Hatschek was under surveillance for years and that this fact was what led to the group's discovery by the Gestapo.〔Werner Theuer and Bernd Florath, (''Robert Havemann Bibliographie: mit unveröffentlichten Texten aus dem Nachlass'' ) Robert Havemann Gesellschaft. Akademie Verlag (2007), p. 271. Retrieved August 15, 2011 〕 In 1943, the Gestapo observed Hatschek meeting two parachute landings. After an investigation, they arrested Hatschek and his wife, Elli, on September 3, 1943.〔Bernd Florath. "Die Europäische Union," essay in Johannes Tuchel, ''Der vergessene Widerstand — zu Realgeschichte und Wahrnehmung des Kampfes gegen die NS-Diktatur'', pp. 114-139. (2001) Wallstein Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89244-943-0 〕〔(Photo (by the Gestapo) and short biography of Elli Hatschek ) Gedenkstätte-Plötzensee. Retrieved August 14, 2011〕 The Gestapo began an intensive interrogation of him that same day. Under interrogation, Hatschek revealed names of other group members and two days later, the Gestapo arrested every person Hatschek had named. By the end, they had arrested over 40 European Union members.〔 Hatschek was tried with his daughter, Krista Lavíčková, a secretary, on March 27, 1944 and was sentenced to death at the Nazi "People's Court" (''Volksgerichtshof''). He was executed on May 15, 1944 at Brandenburg-Görden Prison.〔 On November 4, 1944, the People's Court brought his wife to trial for her connections to the European Union and ''Wehrkraftzersetzung'' and sentenced to death. She was executed on December 8, 1944 at Plötzensee Prison. His daughter was executed at Plötzensee Prison on August 11, 1944.〔(Paragraph in English under Krista Lavíčková's handwritten farewell letter in German ) Retrieved August 16, 2011〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Hatschek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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